Olivia

__** ﻿ **__ __** Biochemistry: Webquest **__ __** ﻿ **__ __** Poems for Science **__

__** Chapter 3: Bonding **__


 * __ Bubble Chemistry Lab __**

__** Chapter 5: Separating Mixtures **__




 * __ Evolution of Chemistry __**

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 **__Chapter 1 Summary Questions Due Thursday 30 September 2010 __**
 * __ Chapter 2: States of Matter __**



Chapter 1: Atomic Structure Homework Monday 27 September 2010

1. The three particles we find in atoms are protons, electrons and neutrons.

2. The link between atomic number and the number of protons in an atom is that they both measure how many protons are in an atom. 3. The mass number of an atom is the protons and neutrons in an atom’s nucleus added together. 4. One example of an element that is found in isotopes is the element carbon. It can found as carbon-12, carbon-13 and carbon-14. 5. Isotopes do not behave in differently in chemical reactions because chemical reactions are judged by the number of electrons and their arrangements. In isotopes the number of electrons and their arrangements is still the same. 6. Carbon-14 is unusual because it is radioactive. None of the other carbon isotopes are radioactive. Since carbon-14 is radioactive it means that its nucleus is unstable. Radiation is given off to organize the nucleus into a stable form. 7. One use for radioactive isotopes is to keep food from going bad. When the food is exposed to radioactivity it kills of any microbes which start to grow on the food. 8. Group 0 have 8 electrons on their outer shells.9. Drawing of Carbon atom

10. The noble gases are so unreactive because of their electronic structure. Since their outer shell is already full of electrons they are already stable which means they do not have to react.

__ ﻿ The Scientific Method __ The scientific method is a way for scientists to ask and answer scientific questions through research and experiments. They use the scientific method whenever they see something which they do not understand or want to learn more about. Some scientific methods include some steps that other ones do not but all scientific methods have the same idea. Since scientists use this method many questions which people have asked have been answered. The first step in the scientific method is to ask a question. After you have asked your question you do background research to see what other people have found out about the question you have. Next you form a hypothesis. The hypothesis is the (if)… (then)… statement which you use to see if your prediction is correct or not. Next you form your experiment including what materials and procedure you will follow to prove your hypothesis. After you have done the experiment you then fill in your findings in your data table. After that you write out your results. You write down patterns which you have found or information which goes along with what you found out. You also draw graphs and charts to show what you found out. Next you write your conclusion. In your conclusion you put whether or not your hypothesis was true or false and what you would do differently if you had to do the experiment over again. You also put whether something went wrong in your experiment and how that affected your end results or if something which you did not think would happen, happened. If your experiment proved your hypothesis wrong you go back to your hypothesis and change what you had predicted would happen. If your hypothesis was proven correct you present your findings to other people to teach them what you learnt and also to see if they have any feedback on how your experiment went. Scientists use this method everyday when they want to find out something. If they are walking around and see something which they cannot explain they follow the steps of the scientific method and try and see if they can understand why something is happening. They write down their observations and from there move on to conduct the actual experiment. They share their findings with the world to further people’s understanding of how the world works. I use the scientific method everyday without even knowing that I am. For example, one day I was in the car and I realized the radio station was not playing well. When I looked at the screen displaying what radio station I was on ,  I realized that the little “st” was blinking. At first I was not sure what that meant but I realized that when the radio station was playing clearly the “st” was no longer blinking. My hypothesis would be if the “st” is not blinking then the station should play clearly. From the websites I used some of the scientific methods were just a tiny bit different from one another. Some included the part where you share your findings to other people and some did not. Also some said to include why you are actually doing the experiment. Picture - [][] [|http://www.biology4kids.com/files/studies_scimethod.html[[http://school.discoveryeducation.com/sciencefaircentral/Getting-Started/Investigation.html]]][] Joshua :not a problem but the millie pointed out. Millie: Not much punctuation problems, the odd comma was missing but i dont think i noticed anything else. Didn't find any other problems apart from the small comma Millie missed, I like it :) Oscar

I too did not find any problems other then the ones oscar has pointed out. Overall excellent Essay ! - Taylor.

Amazing work! did a great job, and it really shows that you understand it. Marcela :) It is a very good statement; especial the use of the graphic which helpes to understand the scientific method better. Marius

Scientific Investigation

Question: Do vegetables grown using pesticides differ in flavor from those grown organically?

Observation: I found that when I went to the super-market some vegetables said organically grown and others did not. I then decided that it would be an interesting experiment to find out if they tasted different when I ate them.

__Hypothesis:__ If a vegetable is grown with pesticides then it will taste different from a vegetable grown organically.

Background Research: Pesticides are designed to kill bugs, rodents, fungi, weeds and other "pests" which try to eat the growing vegetables. A report done by the Pesticide Action Network of North America and Commonwealth said that Americans alone can come in contact 70 times a day with txico chemicals referred to as POP (persistent organic pollutants.) Contact with POP can lead to problems with your health such as nervous system disorder and certain types of cancer such as breast cancer. Pesticides in children is extremely dangerous because it can cause disorders suh as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

In the USA a lot of chemicals have been banned that could contaminate food. Unfortunately, many foods still have POPs in them. The reason is that even though the POPs are banned in the USA they are not banned in other countries and the leftovers of those chemicals is then brought to the USA by water, rain, and air. Reports done by the Pesticide Action Network show though, that organic food such as organically grown vegetables are less likely to have these leftover POPs in them. Information gathered by the Agriculture Department showed that 73% of vegetables grown with pesticides had leftover POP from at least 1 pesticide put on them while they were growing. Only 23% of organic food however, had leftover pesticides on them.

Independent Variable: The pesticides

Dependent Variable: The taste from a vegetable grown with pesticides as compared to vegetables grown organically.

Variables to Control: The climate that the vegetable was grown in, the soil that the vegetable was grown in and what company you buy the vegetable grown in pesticides from. If you buy some vegetables from one company and some from another then the companies could have used different pesticides from one another.

Experimental Group: The vegetables grown in pesticides.

Control Group: The vegetables grown organically.

__Materials:__


 * 4 vegetables grown in pesticides (2 husks of corn and 2 ears of cauliflower)
 * 4 vegetables grown organically (2 husks of corn and 2 ears of cauliflower)
 * 4 people
 * Data Table
 * Pen/Pencil
 * 2 cooking pots
 * 4 forks

Method:
 * 1) Go to the super-market and buy 2 husks of corn which are organically grown and 2 ears of cauliflower which are organically grown.
 * 2) Also buy 2 husks of corn which are grown with pesticides and 2 ears of cauliflower which are grown with pesticides.
 * 3) Go home and in 1 pot cook the 2 husks of corn grown organically and in the other pot cook the 2 husks of corn which are grown with pesticides.
 * 4) Ask the 4 people to try some of the corn which is grown organically but do not tell them that it is grown organically.
 * 5) Then ask the people to taste the corn grown in pesticides, again not telling them that it is grown using pesticides.
 * 6) Write down in your data table if the people tasted a difference between the 2 pieces of corn.
 * 7) Next wash the pots and cook the ears of cauliflower in the 2 pots. (Organically grown cauliflower in 1 pot and the pesticide grown cauliflower in the other pot.)
 * 8) Again, write down if they tasted a difference.
 * 9) Look at your findings and see if people were able to tell the difference between the different types of corn and cauliflower.
 * 10) Write down your results and what you found from the experiment.
 * 11) Write down your conclusion.

__Data Table:__
 * ||  || =Person 1= || =Person 2= || =Person 3= || =Person 4= ||
 * =Organic= || =Corn= ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || =Cauliflower= ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * =Pesticide Grown= || =Corn= ||  ||   ||   ||   ||
 * || =Cauliflower= ||  ||   ||   ||   ||

References:

http://lowcarbdiets.about.com/od/nutrition/a/pesticide/htm

http://www.healingdaily.com/detoxificication-diet/pesticides.htm

http://consumerhealth.org/articles/display/cfm?ID=19990809222752

http://lifeepicurean.com/beware-fruits-vegetables-can-cause-mental-disorders.html

[]

__ Question: __ Do girls take in more oxygen then boys? __ Hypothesis: __ If girls’ and boys’ breathing is monitored by an oxygen sensor then the girls’ average oxygen intake will be higher the boys’ average oxygen intake.

__ Independent Variable: __ the oxygen sensor

__ Dependant Variable: __ the oxygen intake of girls and boys

__ Control Group: __ none

__ Experimental Group: __ All the boys and girls being monitored with the oxygen sensor

__ Variables to Control: __ 1. If the girls or boys have just done exercise (e.g. P.E.) 2. The age difference between the boys and the age difference between the girls. 3. If one of the girls or one of the boys has breathing problem.