Ella

__Early Earth__ Approximately 14 billion years ago, it all started, right from the beginning, the beginning of creation that is. The big bang exploded and at 10 billion years was the 1st solar systems beginning. Clouds of gas and molecules floating around eventually turned into stars, one of the most important being our very own sun. Our moon is also very important. The way the video said was that first came the big bang, then the formation of our planets , the our solar system. Our earth was formed and at first had a temperature of around 2000 degrees Celsius and what we call rocks today were in the form of hot lava exactly like our earths molten core. Then over time as our earth started to cool to around 80 - 200 degrees celsius which might have liveable it was noted that they were too many toxic gases and not enough oxygen so that didn’t work. Later on our earth started to grow plants and create oxygen using photosynthesis, after time water appeared which was full of iron hence the greenish colour it had, all this iron meant iron oxide which created gas in the water that turned the water brownish which is how the first rocks under the sea were formed. Next came the dinosaurs which were then wiped out eventually. Then came us. CHEMISTRY Poems :

__Limerick:__ As superman flew across the sky He met an element with the symbol Li it was silvery white But he wanted kryptonite Then he asked ‘aren’t you an Alkali ?’

__Five-step poem:__ Chromatography Colourful, damp Separating, absorbing, expanding. Flowing to create new colours Chromatography

__Tanka__ Bonding has two types Covalent and ionic Ion’s do not share Covalent is caring and Shares electrons with others.

__Cincain__ Atoms Small compact space In which there are three parts Protons, electrons and neutrons Together

__Haiku__ Atomic structure Chemical properties of Given elements

__Diamonte.__ Elements Basic complicated Building forming combining Compounds reactions particles communications Exciting changing enlarging Dangerous safe life

__Rhyming free verse.__ Oh, a simple combination, Little separations lead to discoveries, So many things I wish I combined So many experiments in limited time.

Chemistry is the study of the science of matter and the changes in which it goes through. Chemistry consists of many things such as isotopes, ion’s, bonding atoms, diffusion, osmosis, polyatomic ions, periodic table and more. Flowing, expanding, enlarging, combining, separating , reactions. Elements from Hydrogen to Carbon to Oxygen to Nitrogen to Krypton and so on. Groups like metals non metals and metalloids __ BUBBLE CHEMISTRY LAB __ __ Research question: __ How does Glycerin or Corn Syrup affect the physical properties of a bubble?

__ Research: __ In our lab we had to test three different solutions each containing different ingredients and see which one made the longest lasting bubble. 1.Water and Detergent. 2. Water, Detergent and Glycerin. 3. Water, Detergent and corn syrup, each containing different amounts of each. How does adding glycerin to a bubble solution affect the kind of bubbles it makes? Well glycerin is a form of sugar that makes particles expand with oxygen leaving a bigger bubble. How does adding corn syrup to a bubble solution affect the kind of bubbles it make? Corn syrup is also a form of sugar but it is thicker so it can also form a bubble but, since it is heavier it may shorten the life span. In my experiment I will be using both of the same solutions as before but changing the amounts of each in order to see if there will be any difference in both the life span and size. Each solution has to have a total of 285mL. A bubble is a spherical object in which either air or gas is inside. When a bubble forms, it is usually due to the thin layers of soap molecules that are enclosing a thin layer of water and as more air is added the larger the bubble try to become. With too much air the soap molecules will be exhausted and adventually pop due to too much air. Other factors that may affect the bubble are the climate, the weather and also location.

__ Materials: __  · 3 beakers 300 mL or greater  · 100 mL and 50mL Graduated cylinder  · Water  · Liquid dishwashing soap  · Glycerin, small bottle  · Corn syrup <span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 45pt; margin-top: 5.25pt; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · 3 Pipe cleaners <span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 45pt; margin-top: 5.25pt; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Stopwatch <span style="line-height: normal; margin-left: 45pt; margin-top: 5.25pt; tabstops: list .5in; text-indent: -0.25in;"> · Ruler

|| <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Ingredient ** <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;"> detergent + glycerin ** || <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Solution #2 ** <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">detergent + corn syrup ** || <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Solution #3 ** <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Detergent only. ** || __ Method: __ Measure all the liquids needed acurately with a graduated cylinder and put each solution in its own beaker. Get three different coloured pipe cleaners and make a wand with a cicular end with each, each circle being the same size and having the same diameter. Next get your first pipe cleaner and dip it in Solution #1 and blow 20 bubbles. Use the stop watch to time the life span of the bubble and also a ruler to determine the size. Repeat this with both Solutions #2 & #3. Record all data and results. Put them into a table.
 * <span style="display: block; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">**<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Solution #1 **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Water || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 10pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">200 mL || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">210 mL || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">250mL ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Detergent || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">35 mL || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">30 mL || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;">35 mL ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Glycerin || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">50 mL || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">- || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">Corn Syrup || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">- || <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in;">45 mL || <span style="display: block; font-family: Arial,sans-serif; font-size: 9pt; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"> ||

__ Data table: __


 * Tests (s) || Solution #1 detergent+ glycerin || Solution #2 detergent+ corn syrup || Solution #3 detergent only ||
 * Test 1 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 2 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 3 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 4 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 5 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 6 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 7 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 8 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 9 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 10 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 11 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 12 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 13 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 14 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 15 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 16 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 17 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 18 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 19 ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Test 20 ||  ||   ||   ||

__ Conclusion: __

In conclusion i noticed that while doing the first experiment that they were a few factors that affected our experiment such as wind and sunlight and shade.

<span style="font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;">[]

__Chapter 5 - Summary Questions 1-10. 18-10-10.__

1. C - Melting 2. B - Boiling point 3. D - I, II and IV  4. A - Adding charcoal 5. A - The oil is more dense because it doesn’t mix with the water, it lies on top creating two separate layer of liquid. B - Oil and water. C - When the mixture of X,Y, Z is shaken and both Y and Z are soluble but not X then Y and Z mix together creating a new layer while X is left to lay on the top, after separating back out. D - We can also separate liquid mixtures by using other processes of either simple distillation, fractional distillation or filtration. 6. A - Get a piece of filter paper and put a dot in the centre with a water-soluble black in marker. Keep adding water drops slowly, one at a time. Wait till the colours start to separate in to bands, this is known as a chromatogram. B - C - If the ink was insoluble with water but soluble with alcohol, then you would replace the water with alcohol. 7. A - Evaporation- removes some water in the juice. Boiling - concentrated juice makes sugar crystals separate. Dissolving - raw sugar dissolves in hot water. B - Rum and molasses C - you can remove the colour from brown sugar in the laboratory by adding charcoal. 8. A - Coffee filters, Water purification and filters B - Yes, I think it is, because the actual teais a filter for the tea leaves inside of the case and when hot water is added then separation occurs. C - Kerosine, some lamps and Diesel , for vehicles. 9 A

B. i) 940/ 945 ii) 1340/1345 C. I would conduct an experiment that tests the solubility of a solution at a temperature? D. i notice that when comparing both results that the solubility of sodium nitrate is greater ,even tho both graphs do not go to the same temperature.

10. A. B. I notice that the curve goes ascends steeply and starts to descend widely, so slower. C. When the solution of sodium sulphate is warmed from 40 Cº to 80 Cº you will notice that the solubility of the solution starts to decrease as it is shown on the graph.

Chapter 5: Separating Mixtures. 14-10-10. 1) a) Koolaid b) Salt water 2) An alloy is a mixture of two things, when solids and solids combine together. The properties of an alloy make it useful because they are made of more than one element. 3) Colloid 4) If I were stranded on an island and needed water to drink, i would separate a sand and water mixture by finding a material that could act like a filter i.e. a piece of clothing or tree carcass something that is porous. No the water would still not be pure because since we are on an island it is salt water and sand mixture and since the salt particles are so tiny they flow through with the water. 5) Water boils at 100 C and ink boils at a much higher temperature 6) In order to separate water and alcohol I would use Fractional Distillation to separate them. This method would work because since they are two different liquids this means that each will have a different boiling point. So Fractional Distillation will be best due to the column filled with glass beads, which makes the separation easier. 7) In a mixture of ethanol and water you can test wether it is ethanol by trying to light it on fire, because ethanol (is alcohol) is flammable. 8) ? 9) ?

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 Part I: **“Major Players”** Go to: [] For this site, write the contribution of each person toward the development of either atomic theory or the Periodic Table of Elements. Be complete but concise. You must write in paragraph format summarizing the contribution of each individual(s), incorporate an appropriate image, concise description of contribution, including place of birth. Be sure to include (Birth-Death Date), where applicable. You may use other sources except wiki sites, all sources should be cited. Do not copy and paste make sure statements are written in your own words. || Scientist __ Sources: __ MacBook Dictionary __http://allperiodictables.com/ClientPages/AAEpages/aaeHistory.html Galileoa and Bacon__ __http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/heisenberg.html__ __http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1933/schrodinger.html__ __http://search.nobelprize.org/search/nobel/?q=Erwin+Schr%F6dinger&t=simple&ls=2&d=0&d1=01&d2=1&d3=1970&d4=09&d5=10&d6=2010&s=0&so=1&h=0&hn=10&hd=1&i=en&sc=click&p=&b=1&c=0&cc[]=126&t=s&l=0&ll=-2&f=0&ff=0&oenc=&ua=4ba3a834682ec5fd798df7158563aebf__ __http://search.nobelprize.org/search/nobel/?q=Werner+Heisenberg+&i=en__ __http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1906/thomson-bio.html__ __http://www.thocp.net/biographies/rutherford_ernest.html__
 * Contribution to the development of the periodic table or the atomic theory ||
 * Greek thinkers || In about 400 BC the Greeks used the words ‘Atom’ and ‘Element’ to talk about small pieces of matter. These ideas went on for 2000 years, and the four major elements were Earth, Water, Wind and Fire.Later on Boyle , Galileo and Bacon gave great improvements to the atomic theory of matter in the 1600’s ||
 * Lavoisier || In the 1700’s Lavoisier was the first man to start writing the periodic table which consisted of 33 elements, and separated both metals and non-metals making a total of four different classes. ||
 * John Dalton || John Dalton made atoms more believable stating that the mass of an atom is its most important property. __-____ "The chemical elements are composed of... indivisible particles of matter, called atoms... atoms of the same element are identical in all respects, particularly weight." - Dalton __ ||
 * Doberiner || Dobereiner stated the like elements usually had relative atomic masses and decided to group them in ‘triads’ (groups of 3 elements that have similar masses). ||
 * Dechancourtois || de Chancourtois was the first to create a fully functional periodic system of a cylinder and called it vis Tellurique. This then allowed the known elements to be placed in an order in which the atomic weights were ascending ||
 * Cannizaro || Cannizaro was the one that determined the atomic weight of an atom with the elements that he had in the 1860’s ||
 * Newlands || Newlands arranged the periodic table with an atomic number based on their weights, so Hydrogen was 1. He also made a law called the ‘Law of Octaves’ meaning every eight element starting from the given one, was kind of a repetition of the first ||
 * Meyer || In 1869 Meyer added more elements to the periodic table making a total of 56 elements. Meyer was more impressed with the periodicity of physical properties rather than the chemical properties ||
 * Mendeleyev || Mendeleyev gets credit for creating the first flat periodic table which was recognized and used most by chemists. Mendeleyev was more impressed with the periodicity of chemical properties rather than the physical properties. He published his version of the periodic table in 1869, but he was missing a few properties of missing elements, which scientist had come to appreciate. He is thought as the main originator of the periodic table. ||
 * Moseley || After Ramsay discovered helium, krypton, neon and xenon in the 1890’s. Moseley went on to record the table according to their atomic numbers instead of their weight, modifying the Periodic Law. ||
 * Seaborg || Seaborg, along with Fermi eliminated some of the heaviest elements and placing them in a group called Actinide series which was separated from the actual table of elements. This went on to changing the periodic table once again ||
 * Democritus || Democritus was a Greek philosopher who went on to developing the atomic theory that his teacher Leucippus introduced him to and explained the arrangement and rearrangement of atoms moving in void? ||
 * Rutherford || Rutherford was a Kiwi physicist know as the founder of nuclear physics and won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908 ||
 * JJ Thompson ||  ||
 * Bohr || Bohr was one of the first to do with quantum physics. His theory was that the quantum theory was involved with the structure of an atom. His theory led him to help invent the atom bomb in Britain, he also won a Nobel Prize for Physics in 1922 ||
 * Schrodinger || Schrodinger was the founder of wave mechanics and went on to influence many scientist and also win a Nobel Prize in Physics ||
 * Heisenberg || Developed a system of quantum mechanics based on matrix algebra in which sates his well know very own principle. Winner of a Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932 ||

__Homework- Chapter 2. 4-10-10__ 1. a) Condense: When something changes from a gas to a liquid. b) Sublime: When something changes from a solid straight into a gas. c) Melt: When something changes from a solid to a liquid. (usually with heat) 2. The difference between freezing and melting is that when something freezes it goes from a liquid to a solid and when something melts it goes from a solid to a liquid, so they are like opposites. 3. Since iodine sublimes when it is heated, heat up both the iodine and that sand so that the iodine will turn in a gas so that your left with just the sand. 4. Osmosis is when molecules move through semi-permable membranes and travel from a less concentrated area to a higher concentrated area. 5. The Brownian motion is when you cannot see particles that are moving because they are so tiny so you used light to see the affect that they have on larger particles.

1. a] - Solids 2. c] - Sublimation 3. d] - Condensing 4. c] - I, II & III 5. c] - The lighter gas particles move faster. 6) a) Diffusion is when gas particles spread out alone. b) What would happen to perfume particles from an aerosol can in a closed room is that they will expand and spread out and fill the room. c) Drop food dye in water and time with a stopwatch how long it takes to change the colour of all the water. 7. a) 1- Melting . 2- Freezing. 3- Evaporation. 4- Condensation. 5- Sublimation. b) 1- Particles changing from solid to a liquid. 2- Particles changing from liquid to a solid. 3- Particles changing from liquid to gas 4- Particles changing from gas to liquid. 5- Particles changing from solid to gas. 8. a) Osmosis is when molecules move through semi-permable membranes and travel from a less concentrated area to a higher concentrated area. b) 9. a) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">__Chapter Summary Questions 1-18. 30-09-10__ <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">1. A- +1 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">2. b

<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">3. B- Are the same <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">4. A- I, II, III and IV 5. D- Lose electrons easily <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">6.

<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) 11 electrons <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) Atomic Mass - 23 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">d) Group 1 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">7. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) 1st- 2 . 2nd-8 . 3r d-18 .b)

__Lithium__

P-3 N-7 __Neon__ P-10 N-10 __ Sodium __ P-11 N-12

<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) 3- Lithium. 11-Sodium. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">8.

<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;"> <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) Isotopes <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) The three types of Carbon things. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">d) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">9. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) The atomic mass for Bromine is 80, because it is the average of both isotopes b) (look up) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">10. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) 2,8,8, are the amount of electrons that can be place on the first three energy levels <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) No it is not, because the protons and electrons in normal atoms are always equal, but not in this case. P-11. E-12. N-10 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">i. Mass- 22 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">ii. overall charge - Positive <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">iii. Group 1 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">11. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) Radioisotopes can be used to kill cancer cells in the body. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) Well that is based on opinion, considering that if too many radioisotopes are used they can start to kill healthy cells aswell. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) Because they contain a lot of radiation that kills blood cells. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">d) Carbon dating is used to see how old something is.- half life? <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">12. Fluorine <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) 9 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) Mass number is equal to the number of protons and neutrons added together <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) Protons-9. Electrons-9. Neutrons-10

<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">d) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">13. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) Fe- P-26. E-26. N-30 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) Nb- P-41. E-41. N-52 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) U- P-92. E-92. N-235/238 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">14. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) Isotopes are elements with the same number of protons but different amounts of neutrons <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) Chlorine-35 P- 17 E-17 N-18 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Chlorine-37 P-17 E-17 N-20

<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">15. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">16. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) Arsenic- 5 electrons <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) Bromine- 7 electrons <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) Tin - 4 electrons <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">d) Xenon - 8 electrons <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">17. <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">a) a, f <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">b) a <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">c) c- Iodine <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">d) b <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">e) Calcium <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">f) Lead P-82 <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">g)?

<span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">18.
 * <span style="font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 13px/19px Arial; letter-spacing: 0px; margin: 0px;">Atoms make up molecules. Two or more atoms make a molecule.

__ Longman Chemistry fir CSEC Chapter 1 pg 1-7 Questions 1-10 __ 1. Protons, Electrons and Neutrons 2. The atomic number is the amount of protons that are in the element. 3. The mass number of an atom is the amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom 4. One element that is found as a isotope is Carbon 5. No 6. Carbon-14 is radioactive. 7. One use for radioactive isotopes is to kill cancer cells, must be strong enough to kill the cancer cells, but not harm the healthy cells, 8. Elements in in Group 0 have 8 electrons in their outer shells. 9. on paper. 10. They are unreactive due to their electronic structures.

<span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px; text-align: center;">__The Scientific Method Paper.__

<span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">The scientific method is a guideline which scientist and students use to test a question or an experiment. Using this method makes it easier to remember and record all the information needed. <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;"> Good explanation, but could have more detail <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #00ff00; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">﻿Good explanation. Good explanation but you could have put more detail into it :)

<span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">In the scientific method they are usually five or six steps that need to be followed but it depends on which format you learned. There are __(is)__ more than one format of the scientific method. The one I know starts by asking a question that can be tested and gathering and researching information on what you want to do. Then there is the Hypothesis which is a statement that you are going to test and see if what you thought would have happened actually happens. Next comes the Materials which are the objects or things you are going to use for your experiment. Then the Procedure or method is explaining how you are going to carry out your experiment. Next the Data Table is used to record information in a clear and understandable way. The data might be a table or a graph ( remember to always label a graph!) depending on what the experiment is. Finally the Conclusion is the last step where you review your data and state whether your hypothesis was true or false, correct or incorrect. Good explanations. I really like how you explained the steps to the scientific method !

This is a good paragraph with good detail and good explanations :)

Some forms of the scientific method have added steps usually at the beginning before the hypothesis, for example : you can make an initial observation, you want to know how something works or you want to figure out why something happens, you want to investigate. Then you gather the information. Next you title the project. Then you state the purpose of the project. After you identify the variables - a guess of what you think is affecting the system. Next you form a hypothesis. Then you have to design an experiment to test your hypothesis with. Then you must list all the objects and materials that you will need to do the experiment. Then you actually do the experiment and record the data. Also you must record your observations. If necessary perform calculations for the data that you collected. Finally you must summarize your results and draw a conclusion. Another format of the scientific method that has a little less steps than that goes like this : First you ask a testable question. Then you must do your research on the topic. Next you have to make a hypothesis about the outcome based on the research or your own knowledge. Then you have to design and conduct the investigation. Then you collect the data. Finally you must make sense of the data and draw a conclusion. You are just listing most of the steps and not explaining them well. for example: "next you form your hypothesis" explain how to form a hypothesis, I like how you are talking about different ways to do the scientific method, But i think that there is so much info on diffrent ways to do the scientific method that it gets confusing.

I like in this paragraph how you also talked about alternative ways of the scientific method, like the steps that some people use :) <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">Scientists use the Scientific Method when they want to learn something new or test a theory or question that has so far gone unanswered, so they form a statement - the Hypothesis- and work their way to the bottom of the experiment by gathering information and putting it together. <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;"><span style="color: #00ff00; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; font: 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">Good Explanation <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;"> ﻿  <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">You can use the process of the scientific method out side the class room when problems occur and you want to find the answer, for example : <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">Tonight you go to bed you want to read your book for a while, when you go to turn on the lamp it isn’t working. So immediately you start to wonder what is wrong and you start to investigate which then could leads to a few conclusions like its not plugged in or the bulb is blown. The scientific method is very important and useful to know for future references. Good Example, but why is the scientific method so important and useful for future references? Explain Really good example. - overall really good essay. I liked your essay, I thought some parts could've been expanded on. Just little details could've been added :)

<span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">I think the most useful websites that I found were: <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">HYPERLINK "http://www.miniscience.com/sciprojinter.asp?count=6" __http://www.miniscience.com/sciprojinter.asp?count=6__ <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">HYPERLINK "http://www.biology4kids.com/files/studies_scimethod.html" __http://www.biology4kids.com/files/studies_scimethod.html__ <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">HYPERLINK "http://biotech.biology.arizona.edu/Scientific_Method/method_light.html" __http://biotech.biology.arizona.edu/Scientific_Method/method_light.html__ Good use of websites. Good use of sites. could have had more references though.

<span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">-Ella Worme. <span style="display: block; font: normal normal normal 12px/15px Helvetica; margin: 0px;">Friday 3rd September 2010. Marcela Sot﻿o Olivia

Taylor.

Rachael :)

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http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-electrolyte.htm

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-electrode.htm

http://www.physlink.com/education/askexperts/ae516.cfm

=__Can a potato generate electricity?__= __Observation.__ My power went out today and i had no form of electricity so i decided to do something interesting, so i went and found my "Science Experiments 101" book and looked at the index. I looked for the section on electricity and found "The Potato Battery". I called my mother from my cell phone and asked her to pick up some materials for my experiment on her way home.

__Research:__ In order to make a proper battery you have to have a eletrical circuit that electricity can flow through easily and Fresh potatoes Batteries generate electricity through a chemical reaction between two different electrodes and one electrolyte. Use of Copper and Zinc as electrodes and Sulfuric acid as electrolyte is a proven method for this process Electrodes are conductors of electrical current is passed. Examples of Electordes are : wires, plates, rods and metals such as silver and Zinc Electrolytes are liquid substances that also act like medium conductors of electricity, they consist of loads of ions which are atoms that have some sort of electric charge

__Hypothesis:__ If I have three large potatoes when connected to a electrical circuit with a lightbulb at the end then this lightbulb should shine brighter rather than with small potatoes. __I.V:__ The amount of potatoes

__D.V:__ The size of the potatoes

__Experimental Group:__Same type of potatoes?

__Control Group:__ Same number or potatoes?

__Materials:__
 * Small Lightbulb
 * Potatoes of varied size
 * Electrical Circuit : wires and alligator clips
 * 3 Copper Electrode
 * 3 Zinc Electrode

__Method:__ __Data Table:__
 * 1) Get 3 small potatoes
 * 2) Insert copper and zinc electrodes into the potatoes, close but not touching.
 * 3) Connect the alligator clips to each of the electrodes and attach the other end of the clips to the lightbulb.
 * 4) Wait for a little bit until the light bulb lights up.
 * 5) Record the data, i.e. if the lightbulb lights up, if so brightness , length of brightness.
 * 6) Continue doing this experiment 3 times with 3 different sizes of potatoes, all the same type.
 * 7) Record all data and summarize results in order to form your conclusion.

Questions for Science Blog


 * 1) Why do you cook some foods and not others?
 * 2) What are the benefits of cooking your food?
 * 3) What elements create the most common food?
 * 4) How can you relate chemistry to food?
 * 5) How does chemistry relate to the break down of food in you body?
 * 6) Carbon being the most common element, how common is it found in food?